Chhath Puja is a significant Hindu festival dedicated to the Sun God (Surya) and his wife Usha. Celebrated primarily in the Indian states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, and the Madhesh region of Nepal, it is known for its rigorous rituals and community participation.
The festival spans four days, typically in October or November. It begins with Nahay Khay, where devotees take a holy dip in a river or pond and prepare a meal free from onions and garlic. The second day, known as Kharna, involves fasting and preparing prasad (offerings) like kheer (a rice pudding) to break the fast after sunset. The third day is Sandhya Arghya, where devotees gather at riverbanks to offer Sandhya (evening) Arghya (offerings) to the setting sun. The offerings usually include fruits, thekua (a traditional cookie), and sugarcane.
The final day, Usha Arghya, involves similar rituals at dawn to offer prayers to the rising sun, symbolizing gratitude for sustained life on Earth. Devotees stand in waist-deep water and chant hymns and prayers, seeking blessings for health, prosperity, and the well-being of their families.
Chhath Puja is marked by a strict regimen of purity, fasting, and abstaining from even drinking water (vrata). The communal aspect is significant, with entire villages or communities coming together to celebrate, prepare the offerings, and support each other. The festival underscores the harmony between human beings and nature, emphasizing the Sun's importance in sustaining life.
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